2024年7月18日 星期一 19:43:55

马铃薯立枯丝核菌病的发生与防治

      症状:主要为害幼芽、茎基部及块茎。幼芽染病有的出土前腐烂形成芽腐,造成缺苗。出土后染病初植株下部叶子发黄,茎基形成褐色凹陷斑。病斑上或茎基部常覆有紫色菌丝层,有时茎基部及块茎生出大小不等形状各异的块状或片状、散生或聚生的小菌核;轻病株症状不明显,重病株可形成立枯或顶部萎蔫或叶片卷曲。
 
      传播途径和发病条件:以病薯上的或留在土壤中的菌核越冬。带病种薯是翌年初侵染源,也是远距离传播的主要途径。该病发生与春寒及潮湿条件有关,播种早或播后土温较低发病重。该菌除侵染马铃薯外,还可侵染豌豆。
 
      防治方法:
      (1)选用抗病品种,如渭会、高原系统、胜利1号等。
      (2)建立无病留种田,采用无病薯播种。
      (3)发病重的地区,尤其是高海拔冷凉山区,要特别注意适期播种,避免早播。
      (4)农药防治:播种前用50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍液或50%福美双可湿性粉剂1000倍液浸种10分钟。发病初期开始喷洒3.2%恶甲水剂300倍液或20%甲基立枯磷乳油1200倍液、36%甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂600倍液。也可施用移栽灵混剂。     
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